Diversity of macromyctes in pine forests at the municipality of Madera, Chihuahua

Abstract

The Madera municipality has a great diversity of ecosystems that harbor a high richness of fungal species of which there is little knowledge due to insufficient research on that area. The objective of the present study was to determine and compare the diversity, habits, and edibility of macromycetes. The sampling was carried out in 100 m × 100 m seven plots, in six ejidos of the Madera municipality, Chihuahua, during the months of July and August, 2016. Effective number of species, abundance of sporocarps, and alpha diversity were determined using the Shannon (H) and Margalef (D_MG) indices. The results obtained showed a total of 69 species of macromycetes belonging to 27 families and 46 genera. According to their growth habit, 53.62 % of the species are saprobic, 43.50 % are mycorrhizal, and 2.90 % are pathogenic. As for their edibility, 28.98 % have nutritional potential. The greatest diversity was presented in Socorro Rivera ejido (H '= 2.44 and D_MG = 3.58). The species with greatest distribution in the study localities belong to the genus Amanita; the highest percentage of similarity of species was found in Nicolás Bravo (El Pedregoso site) and Madera ejidos, with 18 %. The registered fungal species have been added to those previously reported, increasing the knowledge for the state of Chihuahua.