Identification and distribution of the black fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens Johannsen, 1912 (Diptera: Sciaridae) in temperate climate nurseries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v13i73.1261Keywords:
Bradysia impatiens, COI, mosquito fungoso negro, Pinus, plaga, viveros forestalesAbstract
The black fungus gnat is a dipteran that causes severe damage to ornamental plants and forest nurseries with Pinus species in central Mexico with losses of over 30%. The most recent reports of the black fungus gnat are from 2013 and 2015, and the current distribution of the genus Bradysia sp. is unknown. Therefore, the objectives were to identify the black fungus gnat morphologically and molecularly, as well as to know its distribution in pine species in five regions of Mexico. Sampling was carried out from April to June 2019 in 20 nurseries with pine species. The collected samples were placed in emergency chambers for 45 days under photoperiod conditions of 12:12 h: relative humidity (RH) of 75% for obtaining adults. 934 adults of black fungus gnat were obtained, and the species identified by morphology and molecularly amplifying a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene corresponds to Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen, 1912) (Diptera: Sciaridae) present in 17 pine species and as new hosts to Pinus: arizonica, ayacahuite, cembroides, cooperi, douglasiana, durangensis, engelmannii, hartwegii, leiophylla, montezumae, oaxacana, oocarpa, patula y teocote). In addition, the fungus gnat is recorded in nine Mexican states: Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Querétaro, Veracruz, and Zacatecas. Currently, B. impatiens is known in 15 states of the Mexican Republic.
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