Variación adaptativa en caracteres morfológicos de plántulas de Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v17i96.1647

Palabras clave:

capacidad germinativa, correlaciones canónicas, diferenciación genética, evaluación temprana, rasgos morfológicos, selección natural

Resumen

La fase de establecimiento de las plantas leñosas está sujeta a fuertes presiones de selección, por ello las características morfológicas de las plántulas tienen un alto valor adaptativo y son importantes en los procesos de mejora genética. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron determinar el valor adaptativo en características morfológicas de plántulas de Pinus patula y su relación con las condiciones geoclimáticas del sitio de origen de la semilla. La capacidad germinativa (CG), el número de cotiledones (NC), la longitud de cotiledones (LC) y la longitud de hipocótilo (LH) fueron evaluadas y correlacionadas con variables geoclimáticas del periodo 1991-2020 de los sitios de origen de las progenies. La variación genética entre familias resultó amplia; la mayor variación en CG registró valores promedio de 11 a 100 %. Con excepción del NC, la correlación entre las variables morfológicas con la latitud, longitud, temperatura media anual, temperatura del mes más cálido, fechas de inicio y término del periodo sin heladas, precipitación en forma de nieve y temperatura extrema varió de -0.29 a 0.66. Las semillas de sitios más al norte y al oeste, más cálidos y con mayor periodo libre de heladas, presentaron valores superiores de CG, LC y LH. La primera función canónica explicó 77 % de la variación entre variables morfológicas y geoclimáticas. Los resultados contribuyen a identificar los factores geoclimáticos que influyen en la adaptación de Pinus patula en etapas tempranas de desarrollo, para favorecer el vigor inicial de las plántulas y su adaptación durante la fase de establecimiento.

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Publicado

01-07-2026

Cómo citar

Hernández López, Araceli, Liliana Muñoz Gutiérrez, J. Jesús Vargas Hernández, y Javier López Upton. 2026. « Cham». Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Forestales 17 (96). México, ME:190-216. https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v17i96.1647.

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