Consideraciones para la selección de semilla de Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm.: una revisión

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v17i95.1626

Palabras clave:

Almacenamiento de semilla, cosecha, dormancia, germinación, longevidad, plántula

Resumen

Gmelina arborea es una especie tropical de alto valor comercial para plantaciones forestales por su rápido crecimiento y por los diversos usos que tiene; normalmente, su producción de madera es de 15 a 21 m3 ha-1 año-1 y de 40 a 50 m3 ha-1 año-1 en sitios óptimos. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de semilla, los problemas de dormancia y de baja viabilidad son factores que limitan la producción de plántulas a gran escala. Este trabajo compila aspectos básicos para considerar en la selección y manejo de semilla, desde la cosecha hasta el establecimiento de plántulas. Se destaca la importancia de recolectar frutos marrón-amarillentos (máxima madurez embrionaria), remover la pulpa y secar las semillas al sol por 7 días, para evitar daños por plagas y enfermedades durante el transporte y almacenamiento. La dormancia se puede romper mediante tratamientos pregerminativos con ácido giberélico (GA3; 200 ppm, 24 h), ácido sulfúrico concentrado (H2SO4; 10 min), agua fría (24 h), para obtener germinaciones de hasta 98.88, 93.33 y 80 %, respectivamente. El tamaño es una característica de importancia para la germinación: semillas grandes (0.94 g) alcanzan 80.25 % y mayor velocidad de germinación. Para conservar la viabilidad, se recomienda de 5 a 8 % de humedad y de 7 a 8 °C junto con tratamientos de hidratación-deshidratación o uso de microburbujas de oxígeno para ampliar la vida útil del germoplasma. Finalmente, debido a la alta diversidad genética (polimorfismo de 95.4 %) que tiene la especie, se sugiere recolectar semilla de diferentes procedencias para garantizar su adaptación y resiliencia al cambio climático.

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Publicado

20-05-2026

Cómo citar

Flores García, Andrés, Jorge Méndez González, Tomás Pineda Ojeda, Eulogio Flores Ayala, y Enrique Buendía-Rodríguez. 2026. «Consideraciones Para La selección De Semilla De Gmelina Arborea Roxb. Ex Sm.: Una revisión». Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Forestales 17 (95). México, ME:4-23. https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v17i95.1626.

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Artículo de Revisión